Notes from Guns Germs and Steel

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Image is taken from Guns, Germs and Steel
Origin of humans in Africa from the African ape about 7 million years ago.

Homo erectus was the first one to reach Java island around 1 million years ago.

Humans in Europe = 1/2 million year ago called as Home Sapiens.

Neanderthals in Europe from 130,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Cro-Magnons around 40000 years ago. They were very similar to modern humans.

Home erectus -> Home Sapiens -> Neanderthals (western Europe)->Cro-Magnons


Great Leap Forward -> 50,000 years ago.

Colonization of Australi/New Guinea -> 40,000 years ago. They must have come from south east asia using some form of watercraft.

Siberia was colonized around 20,000 years ago by north European people.
Then around 12000 B.C. Alaska was colonized and from there humans went down to South America within a couple thousand years.

The entire American continent was colonized by 11000 B.C.

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